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Microlens array (MLA) is an array composed of several microlenses with a clear aperture and relief depth of micrometers arranged in a specific manner. By adjusting the shape, focal length, arrangement structure and duty cycle of the microlenses in the microlens array, certain optical functions can be achieved and the integration and performance of the optical system can be improved. According to the different principles of light beam modulation, it can be divided into diffraction microlenses and refractive microlenses. The inspiration of microlens array technology comes from insect compound eyes. The fly compound eye is composed of more than 3,000 small eye units. These small eyes have their own optical systems, which can be coordinated and work independently. Therefore, the fly eye not only has high speed and high-precision resolution, but also can perceive images from different directions.

Microlens arrays have functions such as collimation, focusing, lighting, and imaging. Their excellent optical properties give them broad application prospects in various fields such as military, aerospace, national defense, industry, medical care, and daily life. For example, they are used in compound eye cameras with large field of view, high resolution, and efficient detection and identification of moving objects or three-dimensional imaging; LED lighting with high light output and uniform light beam; infrared detectors with high sensitivity and wide application; medical detection systems with high detection efficiency, small amount of sample required, and reduced damage, etc.

Application of microlens arrays: Microlens arrays can be used in 3D sensing technology and can generate light patterns on the lens. Typical applications include facial recognition or component recognition. Microlens arrays can provide MLA-based projectors with various lens shapes and chip designs, which can also be added to existing sensors. The production of microlens arrays combines photolithography and reflow processes to enable the production of various spherical lenses, where the lens arrangement can be designed as linear, rectangular, square or hexagonal, or any random arrangement of microlenses can be achieved.

As an important part of the field of micro-nano optics, microlens arrays have been widely used in modern optical systems due to their small size, lightweight and high integration. From the initial single microlens design to today's complex microlens arrays, with the advancement of processing technology, the optical performance and manufacturing accuracy of microlens arrays have been continuously improved. This not only promotes its application in beam shaping, optical communications, imaging systems and other fields, but also lays a solid foundation for the development of a new generation of micro-nano optical components.